Cooperative federalism
CLEP American Government, Chapter 6 Cooperative federalism Cooperative federalism joins national funding or standards with state administration, producing shared programs and bargaining. It is often described as marble-cake federalism. The marble-cake metaphor captures interdependence: Congress may provide money and minimum standards, states may design plans and administer benefits, and local agencies may deliver services. Cooperation […]
Dual federalism
CLEP American Government, Chapter 6 Dual federalism Dual federalism imagines relatively distinct national and state spheres, often described as layer-cake federalism. It dominated many nineteenth-century accounts but never eliminated overlap entirely. The layer-cake metaphor emphasizes allocation: national institutions concentrate on assigned national subjects while states govern local matters through their police powers. The model describes […]
