How Political Events Shape Ideology
Wars, depressions, scandals, movements, and crises can reshape attitudes through period effects shared across cohorts. Effects vary with age, identity, elite interpretation, and direct experience. How Political Events Shape Ideology: the working rule Use comparable measures before and after the event. Parallel movement across several cohorts supports a period effect. Lasting distinctiveness confined to a […]
Why Political Ideology Changes Across Generations
Generational effects arise when cohorts shaped by different formative events retain distinct orientations as they age. They differ from life-cycle changes common to many generations. A practical reading of why political ideology changes across generations Repeated cross-sections compare new samples over time. Panels reinterview the same people. Both help distinguish a lasting cohort imprint from […]
